Polyhydroxyalkanoate Granules Are Complex Subcellular Organelles (Carbonosomes)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate granules are complex subcellular organelles (carbonosomes).

Membrane-coating granules are acidic organelles which possess proton pumps.

Lysosomes are by definition organelles that maintain an internal acidic pH and contain hydrolytic enzymes. Membrane-coating granules contain a battery of hydrolytic enzymes, in addition to their lamellar discs, and are therefore commonly assumed to be lamellate lysosomes. Although there are data confirming the existence of enzymes in membrane-coating granules, there is no direct evidence to sug...

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Granules Have no Phospholipids

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules, also designated as carbonosomes, are supra-molecular complexes in prokaryotes consisting of a PHB polymer core and a surface layer of structural and functional proteins. The presence of suspected phospholipids in the surface layer is based on in vitro data of isolated PHB granules and is often shown in cartoons of the PHB granule structure in reviews on PHB m...

Storage organelles that are distinct from the classical granules in human neutrophils

The human neutrophil is a crucial participant in acute inflammation. Appropriate immune response is dependent on rapid direction of phagocytic cells through the tissue, towards the inflammatory focus. Such movement is governed by chemoattractants, e.g., interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8). Circulating neutrophils are packed with granules that contain effector molecules used for different cell activitie...

Changes in architecture of the Golgi complex and other subcellular organelles during myogenesis

Myogenesis involves changes in both gene expression and cellular architecture. Little is known of the organization, in muscle in vivo, of the subcellular organelles involved in protein synthesis despite the potential importance of targeted protein synthesis for formation and maintenance of functional domains such as the neuromuscular junction. A panel of antibodies to markers of the ER, the Gol...